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Cerium Hydroxide (Ce(OH)₄) is a pale yellow, fine-powdered compound valued for its strong basicity, high oxygen storage capacity, and role in environmental and catalytic applications. With a CAS number of 12014-56-1 and a molecular weight of 208.14 g/mol, this compound offers purity levels of 99.9%-99.99% (4N), featuring a decomposition temperature of 300°C (to CeO₂) and excellent affinity for anionic pollutants. Its unique combination of redox activity and surface hydroxyl groups makes it indispensable in water purification and heterogeneous catalysis.
High Oxygen Storage Capacity (OSC): Reversibly stores and releases oxygen ions, critical for maintaining catalyst activity in fluctuating exhaust conditions.
Large Surface Area: Mesoporous structure provides BET surface areas of 60-100 m²/g, maximizing active sites for adsorption and redox reactions.
pH-Dependent Reactivity: Acts as a strong base in alkaline solutions (pH > 10) and the oxidizing agent in acidic media, enabling dual-functionality in water treatment.
Low Alkali Metal Content: Strict control of sodium and potassium levels (<5 ppm) ensures high selectivity in catalytic applications sensitive to alkali poisoning.
Colloidal Stability: Available in nanoscale (10-30 nm) and micron-scale (1-5 μm) grades, enabling dispersion in both aqueous and organic solvents without aggregation.
This material effectively removes toxic arsenate (As⁵⁺) and chromate (Cr⁶⁺) ions from drinking water through ligand exchange and surface adsorption mechanisms. By reducing effluent concentrations to below 10 ppb, it ensures safe, high-quality water suitable for residential, municipal, and industrial applications, contributing to public health protection and regulatory compliance.
Used as a support for platinum-group metals (Pt, Pd) in diesel oxidation catalysts (DOCs), this compound enhances low-temperature conversion of carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons between 200–300°C. Its high surface area and stability improve catalyst efficiency, helping automotive systems meet stringent emissions standards while maintaining engine performance and fuel efficiency.
When doped into proton exchange membranes (PEM), this material significantly boosts oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity. Enhancing ORR kinetics is critical for improving overall fuel cell efficiency, stability, and durability, making it a key component in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells for renewable energy, electric vehicles, and clean energy technologies.
In PVC processing, this compound functions as a thermal stabilizer, neutralizing corrosive HCl by-products that occur during degradation. Its use extends the service life of electrical cables and other PVC-based materials by approximately 15%, improving heat resistance, mechanical stability, and long-term performance in construction, electronics, and industrial applications.
This material acts as a precursor for cerium-doped titania nanocomposites, which are widely investigated for photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants under visible light. Such research advances water treatment, environmental remediation, and sustainable chemical processes, highlighting its importance in developing next-generation nanomaterials for industrial and environmental applications.
Q: What is the dominant oxidation state of cerium in Ce(OH)₄?
A: Primarily Ce⁴+ in a tetravalent state, contributing to its strong oxidizing properties and oxygen storage capacity.
Q: Can it be used in high-temperature gas cleaning?
A: Yes, as a sorbent for sulfur trioxide (SO₃) in flue gas desulfurization, forming stable cerium sulfate under oxidizing conditions.
Q: How does particle size affect oxygen storage capacity?
A: Nanoscale particles offer higher OSC due to increased surface-to-volume ratio, while micron-scale particles are preferred for packed-bed reactors to reduce pressure drop.
Q: Is there a risk of cerium leaching into treated water?
A: Negligible, as the solubility product (Ksp) of Ce(OH)₄ is 1×10⁻⁵¹, ensuring Ce⁴+ concentrations <1 ppt in neutral pH systems.
Q: Can it be applied in food-grade water treatment?
A: Yes, 4N-grade products meet NSF/ANSI 60 standards for drinking water additives, with rigorous testing for heavy metal impurities and microbial safety.
Cerium Hydroxide (Ce(OH)₄) is a pale yellow, fine-powdered compound valued for its strong basicity, high oxygen storage capacity, and role in environmental and catalytic applications. With a CAS number of 12014-56-1 and a molecular weight of 208.14 g/mol, this compound offers purity levels of 99.9%-99.99% (4N), featuring a decomposition temperature of 300°C (to CeO₂) and excellent affinity for anionic pollutants. Its unique combination of redox activity and surface hydroxyl groups makes it indispensable in water purification and heterogeneous catalysis.
High Oxygen Storage Capacity (OSC): Reversibly stores and releases oxygen ions, critical for maintaining catalyst activity in fluctuating exhaust conditions.
Large Surface Area: Mesoporous structure provides BET surface areas of 60-100 m²/g, maximizing active sites for adsorption and redox reactions.
pH-Dependent Reactivity: Acts as a strong base in alkaline solutions (pH > 10) and the oxidizing agent in acidic media, enabling dual-functionality in water treatment.
Low Alkali Metal Content: Strict control of sodium and potassium levels (<5 ppm) ensures high selectivity in catalytic applications sensitive to alkali poisoning.
Colloidal Stability: Available in nanoscale (10-30 nm) and micron-scale (1-5 μm) grades, enabling dispersion in both aqueous and organic solvents without aggregation.
This material effectively removes toxic arsenate (As⁵⁺) and chromate (Cr⁶⁺) ions from drinking water through ligand exchange and surface adsorption mechanisms. By reducing effluent concentrations to below 10 ppb, it ensures safe, high-quality water suitable for residential, municipal, and industrial applications, contributing to public health protection and regulatory compliance.
Used as a support for platinum-group metals (Pt, Pd) in diesel oxidation catalysts (DOCs), this compound enhances low-temperature conversion of carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons between 200–300°C. Its high surface area and stability improve catalyst efficiency, helping automotive systems meet stringent emissions standards while maintaining engine performance and fuel efficiency.
When doped into proton exchange membranes (PEM), this material significantly boosts oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity. Enhancing ORR kinetics is critical for improving overall fuel cell efficiency, stability, and durability, making it a key component in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells for renewable energy, electric vehicles, and clean energy technologies.
In PVC processing, this compound functions as a thermal stabilizer, neutralizing corrosive HCl by-products that occur during degradation. Its use extends the service life of electrical cables and other PVC-based materials by approximately 15%, improving heat resistance, mechanical stability, and long-term performance in construction, electronics, and industrial applications.
This material acts as a precursor for cerium-doped titania nanocomposites, which are widely investigated for photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants under visible light. Such research advances water treatment, environmental remediation, and sustainable chemical processes, highlighting its importance in developing next-generation nanomaterials for industrial and environmental applications.
Q: What is the dominant oxidation state of cerium in Ce(OH)₄?
A: Primarily Ce⁴+ in a tetravalent state, contributing to its strong oxidizing properties and oxygen storage capacity.
Q: Can it be used in high-temperature gas cleaning?
A: Yes, as a sorbent for sulfur trioxide (SO₃) in flue gas desulfurization, forming stable cerium sulfate under oxidizing conditions.
Q: How does particle size affect oxygen storage capacity?
A: Nanoscale particles offer higher OSC due to increased surface-to-volume ratio, while micron-scale particles are preferred for packed-bed reactors to reduce pressure drop.
Q: Is there a risk of cerium leaching into treated water?
A: Negligible, as the solubility product (Ksp) of Ce(OH)₄ is 1×10⁻⁵¹, ensuring Ce⁴+ concentrations <1 ppt in neutral pH systems.
Q: Can it be applied in food-grade water treatment?
A: Yes, 4N-grade products meet NSF/ANSI 60 standards for drinking water additives, with rigorous testing for heavy metal impurities and microbial safety.
