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Neodymium Metal (Nd) is a silvery-gray rare-earth metal celebrated for its role in creating the strongest permanent magnets available, alongside its versatility in high-tech alloys. With a CAS number of 7440-00-8 and an atomic weight of 144.24 g/mol, this metal offers purity levels of 99.9%-99.99% (4N), featuring a melting point of 1024°C and a density of 7.00 g/cm³. Its unique combination of high magnetic moment and alloying ability makes it indispensable in modern electrification and renewable energy systems.
Exceptional Magnetic Properties: When alloyed with iron and boron (Nd-Fe-B), it produces magnets with coercivity up to 16 kOe, enabling compact motor designs in electric vehicles and wind turbines.
Fine-Grain Structure Control: Available in rapidly solidified forms to prevent grain coarsening, enhancing mechanical durability in high-vibration environments.
Surface Oxide Management: Protected by a thin Nd₂O₃ layer that can be passivated or removed, allowing precise control over bonding in magnetic assemblies.
Low Gas Content: Vacuum melting processes reduce oxygen and nitrogen levels to <50 ppm, critical for maintaining magnetic stability at low temperatures.
Machining Versatility: Ductile enough for cold working into wires and sheets, while also suitable for casting in complex geometries for specialized applications.
Neodymium is a key element in Nd–Fe–B permanent magnets used for electric vehicle traction motors. These magnets provide approximately 30% higher energy density than traditional samarium–cobalt alternatives, enhancing motor efficiency, reducing weight, and supporting the development of high-performance, energy-efficient electric transportation systems.
Neodymium is added to titanium alloys, such as Ti-6Al-4V, to improve creep resistance and mechanical stability at elevated temperatures. This makes it crucial for aircraft engine components operating between 500–600°C, ensuring reliability, durability, and long-term performance under extreme thermal stress conditions.
Neodymium is widely used in electromagnetic devices, including voice coils and actuators for hard disk drives. Its magnetic properties enable rapid, precise motion with minimal energy loss, supporting high-speed data access, improved storage performance, and enhanced reliability in modern computing hardware.
In research and industrial applications, neodymium serves as a dopant in Nd:YAG lasers. These lasers generate high-power pulses for material cutting, precision welding, and medical surgical procedures, providing exceptional beam quality, energy efficiency, and reliability for advanced laser systems.
Neodymium is applied as a protective layer on steel components in marine and industrial environments. Its sacrificial anode properties prevent rust formation, extending component lifespan, improving structural integrity, and offering cost-effective corrosion protection in harsh operating conditions.
Q: Why is Neodymium Metal often coated before use in magnets?
A: To protect against moisture-induced corrosion, which can degrade magnetic performance; common coatings include nickel, zinc, and epoxy.
Q: What is the difference between 3N and 4N purity grades?
A: 4N-grade (99.99%) has lower levels of iron, copper, and other transition metals, resulting in higher magnetic purity and reduced eddy current losses.
Q: Can it be recycled from end-of-life products?
A: Yes, recycling processes recover up to 95% of neodymium from spent magnets, supporting circular economy initiatives in the electronics and automotive sectors.
Q: How does temperature affect the magnetic properties of Nd-based alloys?
A: Maximum operating temperature is ~150°C for standard grades, but high-temperature variants (with dysprosium addition) can withstand up to 220°C.
Q: What safety measures are required for handling the metal?
A: Use gloves and eye protection to avoid skin contact; store in moisture-free environments as fine particles may ignite in air when heated.
Material name | Neodymium metal |
Formula | Nd |
CAS No. | 7440-00-8 |
EINECS NO. | 231-109-3 |
Molecular Weight | 144.24 |
Density | 7.01g/cm3 |
Melting point | 1024°C |
Bolting point | 3127°C |
Appearance | Silver white ingot or lump, or other customized size |
Purity/Specification (Nd/REM) | 99%-99.99% |
Purity | 2N | 2N | 2N5 | 3N | |
TREM%min. | 98.5 | 99 | 99 | 99.5 | |
NdTREM%min. | 99 | 99 | 99.5 | 99.9 | |
Rare earth impurities %max | Total 1 | Total 1 | Total 0.5 | Total 0.1 | |
Non rare earth | C | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.03 | 0.03 |
Fe | 1 | 0.5 | 0.3 | 0.2 | |
Si | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.03 | |
Mg | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.01 | |
Ca | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.01 | |
Al | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.03 | |
0 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.03 | |
Mo | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.03 | |
W | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.02 | |
Cl | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.01 | |
S | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | |
P | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.03 | 0.01 | |
Neodymium Metal (Nd) is a silvery-gray rare-earth metal celebrated for its role in creating the strongest permanent magnets available, alongside its versatility in high-tech alloys. With a CAS number of 7440-00-8 and an atomic weight of 144.24 g/mol, this metal offers purity levels of 99.9%-99.99% (4N), featuring a melting point of 1024°C and a density of 7.00 g/cm³. Its unique combination of high magnetic moment and alloying ability makes it indispensable in modern electrification and renewable energy systems.
Exceptional Magnetic Properties: When alloyed with iron and boron (Nd-Fe-B), it produces magnets with coercivity up to 16 kOe, enabling compact motor designs in electric vehicles and wind turbines.
Fine-Grain Structure Control: Available in rapidly solidified forms to prevent grain coarsening, enhancing mechanical durability in high-vibration environments.
Surface Oxide Management: Protected by a thin Nd₂O₃ layer that can be passivated or removed, allowing precise control over bonding in magnetic assemblies.
Low Gas Content: Vacuum melting processes reduce oxygen and nitrogen levels to <50 ppm, critical for maintaining magnetic stability at low temperatures.
Machining Versatility: Ductile enough for cold working into wires and sheets, while also suitable for casting in complex geometries for specialized applications.
Neodymium is a key element in Nd–Fe–B permanent magnets used for electric vehicle traction motors. These magnets provide approximately 30% higher energy density than traditional samarium–cobalt alternatives, enhancing motor efficiency, reducing weight, and supporting the development of high-performance, energy-efficient electric transportation systems.
Neodymium is added to titanium alloys, such as Ti-6Al-4V, to improve creep resistance and mechanical stability at elevated temperatures. This makes it crucial for aircraft engine components operating between 500–600°C, ensuring reliability, durability, and long-term performance under extreme thermal stress conditions.
Neodymium is widely used in electromagnetic devices, including voice coils and actuators for hard disk drives. Its magnetic properties enable rapid, precise motion with minimal energy loss, supporting high-speed data access, improved storage performance, and enhanced reliability in modern computing hardware.
In research and industrial applications, neodymium serves as a dopant in Nd:YAG lasers. These lasers generate high-power pulses for material cutting, precision welding, and medical surgical procedures, providing exceptional beam quality, energy efficiency, and reliability for advanced laser systems.
Neodymium is applied as a protective layer on steel components in marine and industrial environments. Its sacrificial anode properties prevent rust formation, extending component lifespan, improving structural integrity, and offering cost-effective corrosion protection in harsh operating conditions.
Q: Why is Neodymium Metal often coated before use in magnets?
A: To protect against moisture-induced corrosion, which can degrade magnetic performance; common coatings include nickel, zinc, and epoxy.
Q: What is the difference between 3N and 4N purity grades?
A: 4N-grade (99.99%) has lower levels of iron, copper, and other transition metals, resulting in higher magnetic purity and reduced eddy current losses.
Q: Can it be recycled from end-of-life products?
A: Yes, recycling processes recover up to 95% of neodymium from spent magnets, supporting circular economy initiatives in the electronics and automotive sectors.
Q: How does temperature affect the magnetic properties of Nd-based alloys?
A: Maximum operating temperature is ~150°C for standard grades, but high-temperature variants (with dysprosium addition) can withstand up to 220°C.
Q: What safety measures are required for handling the metal?
A: Use gloves and eye protection to avoid skin contact; store in moisture-free environments as fine particles may ignite in air when heated.
Material name | Neodymium metal |
Formula | Nd |
CAS No. | 7440-00-8 |
EINECS NO. | 231-109-3 |
Molecular Weight | 144.24 |
Density | 7.01g/cm3 |
Melting point | 1024°C |
Bolting point | 3127°C |
Appearance | Silver white ingot or lump, or other customized size |
Purity/Specification (Nd/REM) | 99%-99.99% |
Purity | 2N | 2N | 2N5 | 3N | |
TREM%min. | 98.5 | 99 | 99 | 99.5 | |
NdTREM%min. | 99 | 99 | 99.5 | 99.9 | |
Rare earth impurities %max | Total 1 | Total 1 | Total 0.5 | Total 0.1 | |
Non rare earth | C | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.03 | 0.03 |
Fe | 1 | 0.5 | 0.3 | 0.2 | |
Si | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.03 | |
Mg | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.01 | |
Ca | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.01 | |
Al | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.03 | |
0 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.03 | |
Mo | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.03 | |
W | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.02 | |
Cl | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.01 | |
S | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | |
P | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.03 | 0.01 | |
