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Cerium Hydroxide (Ce(OH)₄) is a pale yellow, fine-powdered compound valued for its strong basicity, high oxygen storage capacity, and role in environmental and catalytic applications. With a CAS number of 12014-56-1 and a molecular weight of 208.14 g/mol, this compound offers purity levels of 99.9%-99.99% (4N), featuring a decomposition temperature of 300°C (to CeO₂) and excellent affinity for anionic pollutants. Its unique combination of redox activity and surface hydroxyl groups makes it indispensable in water purification and heterogeneous catalysis.
1. High Oxygen Storage Capacity (OSC): Reversibly stores and releases oxygen ions, critical for maintaining catalyst activity in fluctuating exhaust conditions.
2. Large Surface Area: Mesoporous structure provides BET surface areas of 60-100 m²/g, maximizing active sites for adsorption and redox reactions.
3. pH-Dependent Reactivity: Acts as a strong base in alkaline solutions (pH > 10) and the oxidizing agent in acidic media, enabling dual-functionality in water treatment.
4. Low Alkali Metal Content: Strict control of sodium and potassium levels (<5 ppm) ensures high selectivity in catalytic applications sensitive to alkali poisoning.
5. Colloidal Stability: Available in nanoscale (10-30 nm) and micron-scale (1-5 μm) grades, enabling dispersion in both aqueous and organic solvents without aggregation.
• Water Purification: Removes arsenate (As⁵+) and chromate (Cr⁶+) from drinking water through ligand exchange and surface adsorption, achieving effluent concentrations <10 ppb.
• Catalyst Supports: Supports for platinum-group metals (Pt, Pd) in diesel oxidation catalysts (DOCs), enhancing CO and HC conversion at low temperatures (200-300°C).
• Fuel Cells: Doped into proton exchange membranes to improve oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity, critical for increasing the efficiency of polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cells.
• Polymer Additives: Acts as a thermal stabilizer in PVC processing, neutralizing HCl degradation products and extending the service life of electrical cables by 15%.
• Research & Development: Serves as a precursor for cerium-doped titania nanocomposites, studied for their photocatalytic activity in organic pollutant degradation under visible light.
Q: What is the dominant oxidation state of cerium in Ce(OH)₄?
A: Primarily Ce⁴+ in a tetravalent state, contributing to its strong oxidizing properties and oxygen storage capacity.
Q: Can it be used in high-temperature gas cleaning?
A: Yes, as a sorbent for sulfur trioxide (SO₃) in flue gas desulfurization, forming stable cerium sulfate under oxidizing conditions.
Q: How does particle size affect oxygen storage capacity?
A: Nanoscale particles offer higher OSC due to increased surface-to-volume ratio, while micron-scale particles are preferred for packed-bed reactors to reduce pressure drop.
Q: Is there a risk of cerium leaching into treated water?
A: Negligible, as the solubility product (Ksp) of Ce(OH)₄ is 1×10⁻⁵¹, ensuring Ce⁴+ concentrations <1 ppt in neutral pH systems.
Q: Can it be applied in food-grade water treatment?
A: Yes, 4N-grade products meet NSF/ANSI 60 standards for drinking water additives, with rigorous testing for heavy metal impurities and microbial safety.
Cerium Hydroxide (Ce(OH)₄) is a pale yellow, fine-powdered compound valued for its strong basicity, high oxygen storage capacity, and role in environmental and catalytic applications. With a CAS number of 12014-56-1 and a molecular weight of 208.14 g/mol, this compound offers purity levels of 99.9%-99.99% (4N), featuring a decomposition temperature of 300°C (to CeO₂) and excellent affinity for anionic pollutants. Its unique combination of redox activity and surface hydroxyl groups makes it indispensable in water purification and heterogeneous catalysis.
1. High Oxygen Storage Capacity (OSC): Reversibly stores and releases oxygen ions, critical for maintaining catalyst activity in fluctuating exhaust conditions.
2. Large Surface Area: Mesoporous structure provides BET surface areas of 60-100 m²/g, maximizing active sites for adsorption and redox reactions.
3. pH-Dependent Reactivity: Acts as a strong base in alkaline solutions (pH > 10) and the oxidizing agent in acidic media, enabling dual-functionality in water treatment.
4. Low Alkali Metal Content: Strict control of sodium and potassium levels (<5 ppm) ensures high selectivity in catalytic applications sensitive to alkali poisoning.
5. Colloidal Stability: Available in nanoscale (10-30 nm) and micron-scale (1-5 μm) grades, enabling dispersion in both aqueous and organic solvents without aggregation.
• Water Purification: Removes arsenate (As⁵+) and chromate (Cr⁶+) from drinking water through ligand exchange and surface adsorption, achieving effluent concentrations <10 ppb.
• Catalyst Supports: Supports for platinum-group metals (Pt, Pd) in diesel oxidation catalysts (DOCs), enhancing CO and HC conversion at low temperatures (200-300°C).
• Fuel Cells: Doped into proton exchange membranes to improve oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity, critical for increasing the efficiency of polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cells.
• Polymer Additives: Acts as a thermal stabilizer in PVC processing, neutralizing HCl degradation products and extending the service life of electrical cables by 15%.
• Research & Development: Serves as a precursor for cerium-doped titania nanocomposites, studied for their photocatalytic activity in organic pollutant degradation under visible light.
Q: What is the dominant oxidation state of cerium in Ce(OH)₄?
A: Primarily Ce⁴+ in a tetravalent state, contributing to its strong oxidizing properties and oxygen storage capacity.
Q: Can it be used in high-temperature gas cleaning?
A: Yes, as a sorbent for sulfur trioxide (SO₃) in flue gas desulfurization, forming stable cerium sulfate under oxidizing conditions.
Q: How does particle size affect oxygen storage capacity?
A: Nanoscale particles offer higher OSC due to increased surface-to-volume ratio, while micron-scale particles are preferred for packed-bed reactors to reduce pressure drop.
Q: Is there a risk of cerium leaching into treated water?
A: Negligible, as the solubility product (Ksp) of Ce(OH)₄ is 1×10⁻⁵¹, ensuring Ce⁴+ concentrations <1 ppt in neutral pH systems.
Q: Can it be applied in food-grade water treatment?
A: Yes, 4N-grade products meet NSF/ANSI 60 standards for drinking water additives, with rigorous testing for heavy metal impurities and microbial safety.
