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Thulium Oxide (Tm₂O₃) is a white to pale green powder celebrated for its role in generating mid-infrared (MIR) laser light and enhancing optical performance in high-tech devices. With a CAS number of 12036-44-1 and a molecular weight of 385.86 g/mol, this rare-earth oxide offers purity levels from 99.9% to 99.99% (4N), featuring a melting point of 2050°C and a density of 9.17 g/cm³. Its unique ability to absorb and emit in the MIR spectrum (1.8-2.0 μm) makes it a critical component in medical lasers and environmental monitoring systems.
1. MIR Optical Performance: Efficient energy transfer in Tm³+ ions enables strong emission at 1940 nm, ideal for water-absorbing tissues in medical applications.
2. High Thermal Conductivity: Superior thermal conductivity compared to most rare-earth oxides ensures effective heat dissipation in laser crystals during continuous operation, reducing thermal lensing effects.
3. Chemical Purity: Stringent purification processes control transition metal impurities like iron and copper, preventing fluorescence quenching and enhancing laser output stability.
4. Controllable Particle Morphology: Available in nanometer-scale to micrometer-scale particle sizes, adapting to different preparation processes such as sol-gel and hot-press sintering.
5. Oxidation Resistance: Maintains stability in high-temperature atmospheric environments, suitable as a coating material for optical devices in harsh conditions.
• Medical Laser Systems: Doped into YAG or glass matrices to fabricate Tm:YAG lasers for minimally invasive surgeries like skin resurfacing and vascular closure, utilizing strong water absorption at 1940 nm for precise tissue ablation.
• Environmental Gas Sensors: Integrated into tunable semiconductor lasers to detect greenhouse gases like CO and CH₄ in industrial emissions, facilitating carbon emission monitoring and control.
• Optical Coatings: Used as a sputtering target to prepare infrared anti-reflective coatings for lenses in night vision devices and thermal imaging cameras, enhancing light transmission in the 8-14 μm wavelength range.
• Ceramic Composites: Combined with alumina and zirconia to produce high-strength ceramics for high-temperature furnace linings and wear-resistant mechanical components, balancing thermal conductivity and chemical stability.
• Research & Development: Serves as a fluorescent probe material for biomedical imaging, enabling non-destructive deep tissue detection through upconversion luminescence.
Q: What is the typical doping concentration of Tm₂O₃ in laser crystals?
A: Concentrations typically range from 0.5%-5% (molar ratio), depending on the required gain bandwidth and crystal size; lower concentrations are preferred for high-power applications to reduce self-absorption.
Q: Can Thulium Oxide be used in glass fiber lasers?
A: Yes, its nanoscale particles can be uniformly dispersed in silica fibers to prepare Tm-doped fiber amplifiers (TDFAs) for boosting signal strength in the MIR band.
Q: How does humidity affect the storage of Tm₂O₃?
A: While it has low hygroscopicity, long-term exposure to high humidity may cause slight agglomeration. It is recommended to store it in a dry box or moisture-proof bag with humidity controlled below 30%RH.
Q: Is there a performance difference between 3N and 4N purity grades?
A: 4N-grade products exhibit lower fluorescence quenching and higher quantum efficiency in laser applications due to fewer impurities (especially transition metal ions <10ppm), making them suitable for high-end devices.
Q: Can we request a custom particle size for coating applications?
A: Custom particle size distributions (50nm-5μm) are supported. Please provide specific size ranges and application processes, and our R&D team will optimize synthesis parameters to meet your needs.
Material name | Thulium oxide |
Formula | Tm2O3 |
CAS No. | 12036-44-1 |
EINECS NO. | 234-851-6 |
Molecular Weight | 385.87 |
Density | 8.6 g/cm3 |
Melting point | 2341°C |
Bolting point | 3945°C |
Appearance | White powder |
Purity/Specification (Tm2O3/REO) | 99%-99.999% |
Solubility | low solubility in water, easily soluble in acid. |
| Thulium Oxide Tm₂O₃ | ||||||
| Purity | 2N | 2N5 | 3N | 3N5 | 4N | |
| REO%min | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | |
| Tm2O₃/REO%min. | 99 | 99.5 | 99.9 | 99.95 | 99.99 | |
| Rare earth impurities %max. | DyzO3 | Total 1.0 | Total 0.5 | Total 0.1 | Total 0.05 | 0.0005 |
| HO₂O3 | 0.0005 | |||||
| Er2O3 | 0.0005 | |||||
| Yb₂O₃+Lu₂O3 | 0.007 | |||||
| Y2O3 | 0.0005 | |||||
| Other Rare earth mpurities/% | 0.001 | |||||
| Non rare earth impurities %max. | Fe₂O3 | 0.07 | 0.05 | 0.01 | 0.002 | 0.0005 |
| SiO₂ | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.01 | 0.005 | 0.005 | |
| CaO | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.03 | 0.01 | 0.005 | |
| CT | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.03 | 0.02 | |
| L.0.1%Max. | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
Thulium Oxide (Tm₂O₃) is a white to pale green powder celebrated for its role in generating mid-infrared (MIR) laser light and enhancing optical performance in high-tech devices. With a CAS number of 12036-44-1 and a molecular weight of 385.86 g/mol, this rare-earth oxide offers purity levels from 99.9% to 99.99% (4N), featuring a melting point of 2050°C and a density of 9.17 g/cm³. Its unique ability to absorb and emit in the MIR spectrum (1.8-2.0 μm) makes it a critical component in medical lasers and environmental monitoring systems.
1. MIR Optical Performance: Efficient energy transfer in Tm³+ ions enables strong emission at 1940 nm, ideal for water-absorbing tissues in medical applications.
2. High Thermal Conductivity: Superior thermal conductivity compared to most rare-earth oxides ensures effective heat dissipation in laser crystals during continuous operation, reducing thermal lensing effects.
3. Chemical Purity: Stringent purification processes control transition metal impurities like iron and copper, preventing fluorescence quenching and enhancing laser output stability.
4. Controllable Particle Morphology: Available in nanometer-scale to micrometer-scale particle sizes, adapting to different preparation processes such as sol-gel and hot-press sintering.
5. Oxidation Resistance: Maintains stability in high-temperature atmospheric environments, suitable as a coating material for optical devices in harsh conditions.
• Medical Laser Systems: Doped into YAG or glass matrices to fabricate Tm:YAG lasers for minimally invasive surgeries like skin resurfacing and vascular closure, utilizing strong water absorption at 1940 nm for precise tissue ablation.
• Environmental Gas Sensors: Integrated into tunable semiconductor lasers to detect greenhouse gases like CO and CH₄ in industrial emissions, facilitating carbon emission monitoring and control.
• Optical Coatings: Used as a sputtering target to prepare infrared anti-reflective coatings for lenses in night vision devices and thermal imaging cameras, enhancing light transmission in the 8-14 μm wavelength range.
• Ceramic Composites: Combined with alumina and zirconia to produce high-strength ceramics for high-temperature furnace linings and wear-resistant mechanical components, balancing thermal conductivity and chemical stability.
• Research & Development: Serves as a fluorescent probe material for biomedical imaging, enabling non-destructive deep tissue detection through upconversion luminescence.
Q: What is the typical doping concentration of Tm₂O₃ in laser crystals?
A: Concentrations typically range from 0.5%-5% (molar ratio), depending on the required gain bandwidth and crystal size; lower concentrations are preferred for high-power applications to reduce self-absorption.
Q: Can Thulium Oxide be used in glass fiber lasers?
A: Yes, its nanoscale particles can be uniformly dispersed in silica fibers to prepare Tm-doped fiber amplifiers (TDFAs) for boosting signal strength in the MIR band.
Q: How does humidity affect the storage of Tm₂O₃?
A: While it has low hygroscopicity, long-term exposure to high humidity may cause slight agglomeration. It is recommended to store it in a dry box or moisture-proof bag with humidity controlled below 30%RH.
Q: Is there a performance difference between 3N and 4N purity grades?
A: 4N-grade products exhibit lower fluorescence quenching and higher quantum efficiency in laser applications due to fewer impurities (especially transition metal ions <10ppm), making them suitable for high-end devices.
Q: Can we request a custom particle size for coating applications?
A: Custom particle size distributions (50nm-5μm) are supported. Please provide specific size ranges and application processes, and our R&D team will optimize synthesis parameters to meet your needs.
Material name | Thulium oxide |
Formula | Tm2O3 |
CAS No. | 12036-44-1 |
EINECS NO. | 234-851-6 |
Molecular Weight | 385.87 |
Density | 8.6 g/cm3 |
Melting point | 2341°C |
Bolting point | 3945°C |
Appearance | White powder |
Purity/Specification (Tm2O3/REO) | 99%-99.999% |
Solubility | low solubility in water, easily soluble in acid. |
| Thulium Oxide Tm₂O₃ | ||||||
| Purity | 2N | 2N5 | 3N | 3N5 | 4N | |
| REO%min | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | |
| Tm2O₃/REO%min. | 99 | 99.5 | 99.9 | 99.95 | 99.99 | |
| Rare earth impurities %max. | DyzO3 | Total 1.0 | Total 0.5 | Total 0.1 | Total 0.05 | 0.0005 |
| HO₂O3 | 0.0005 | |||||
| Er2O3 | 0.0005 | |||||
| Yb₂O₃+Lu₂O3 | 0.007 | |||||
| Y2O3 | 0.0005 | |||||
| Other Rare earth mpurities/% | 0.001 | |||||
| Non rare earth impurities %max. | Fe₂O3 | 0.07 | 0.05 | 0.01 | 0.002 | 0.0005 |
| SiO₂ | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.01 | 0.005 | 0.005 | |
| CaO | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.03 | 0.01 | 0.005 | |
| CT | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.03 | 0.02 | |
| L.0.1%Max. | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
